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Viola Ruffner
Viola Knapp Ruffner (1820–1904) was a schoolteacher and became the second wife of General Lewis Ruffner, a salt and coal mine owner and community leader in Kanawha County, West Virginia. She played a role in the personal development of Booker T. Washington, who worked in their household as a teenager after Emancipation. He credited her with teaching him the essentials of the Puritan ethic. She and the General supported his causes and they became lifelong friends.〔(The 'Colored American' and 'Alexander's': Boston's Pro-Civil Rights Bookerites )〕 〔(I06953: Henry BARE (13 NOV 1692 - 1749) )〕 In his autobiography, Dr. Washington described Mrs. Ruffner as "one of the best friends I ever had."
==Childhood, education, early career==
She was born in Arlington, Vermont, and attended Bennington Academy, in Bennington, Vermont. Educated as a schoolteacher, she taught in North Carolina and New Jersey. She started her own school, but had to give the work up during an illness. While recuperating, she applied for a job as a governess for General Lewis Ruffner (1797-1883), a widower who was member of the Virginia General Assembly and community leader in the area which is now Charleston, West Virginia. She married the General in 1843. 〔(The Booker T. Washington Papers, Vol.4, page 103, Jan. 1896, U. of Illinois Press )〕
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